quarta-feira, 14 de março de 2012

APOSTILA GRAMATICA BASICA - PARTE 9

17.3 The simple past tense (passado simples)

                                                          
O simple past é normalmente usado para descrever ações que começaram e terminaram no passado. 

Ex: I WAS here last night.
Forma-se o passado dos verbos regulares, acrescentando-se d, ed, ou iedHotwordStyle=BookDefault; .                

Exemplo:

The dog DIED.

Os verbos irregulares não possuem regra prórpia para formação do passado.

Verb                        Past

GO                           WENT
LEAVE                    LEFT
THINK                      THOUGHT
                                                                      
Advérbios de tempo que normalmente o acompanham o passado simples:
Yesterday – ontém
last (night, week, year, etc.) –(noite, semana, ano, etc) passada / passado
one hour ago – (uma hora atrás)
two days ago – (dois dias atrás)
a week ago – (uma semana atrás, semana passada)

 
INTERROGATIVA E NEGATIVA

Para frases interrogativas e negativas, utiliza-se o auxiliar DID. Neste caso, o verbo permanece no presente.

    Exemplos:
-          You worked yesterday.
-          Did you work yesterday?
-          You did not work yesterday. (didn´t)


Irregular verbs table (tabela de alguns dos verbos irregulares)


Infinitive                   Simple past             Past participle        Translation
  To be                       was/were                    been                          ser, estar;  existir
  To beat                    beat                            beaten                       bater; derrotar
  To become             became                      become                     Tornar-se
  To begin                  began                        begun                        Começar
  To behold               beheld                        beheld                       Observar; contemplar
  To bet                      bet/betted                  bet/betted                  Apostar
  To bind                    bound                        bound                          Ligar; juntar
  To bite                     bit                               bitten                         Morder
  To bleed                  bled                            bled                            Sangrar
  To blow                   blew                           blown                        Soprar
  To break                  broke                         broken                       Quebrar
  To bring                   brought                     brought                      Trazer
  To build                   built                            built                            Construir
  To burn                   burnt/burned            burnt/burned               Queimar
  To buy                     bought                       bought                       Comprar
  To catch                  caught                       caught                       Pegar; agarrar
  To choose               chose                        chosen                      Escolher
  To come                  came                         come                         Vir
  To cost                     cost                            cost                            Custar
  To cut                      cut                              cut                              Cortar
  To dare                    durst/dared               durst/dared               Ousar, Ter coragem de
  To dig                      dug                            dug                            Cavar
  To do                       did                              done                          Fazer
  To draw                   drew                           drawn                        Desenhar; puxar; retirar
  To dream                dreamt/dreamed      dreamt/dreamed       Sonhar
  To drink                   drank                         drunk                         Beber
  To drive                   drove                         driven                        Dirigir; guiar
  To eat                      ate                              eaten                         Comer
  To fall                      fell                              fallen                          Cair
  To feed                    fed                              fed                              Alimentar
  To feel                     felt                              felt                              Sentir(-se)
  To fight                    fought                        fought                       Lutar; combater
  To find                     found                         found                         Encontrar; achar
  To fly                        flew                            flown                         Voar
  To forbid                  forbade                      forbidden                  Proibir
  To forget                  forgot                         forgotten                   Esquecer(-se de)
  To forgive                forgave                      forgiven                     Perdoar
  To freeze                 froze                          frozen                        Congelar
  To get                      got                              got/gotten                 Obter; tornar-se; ficar
  To give                    gave                           given                         Dar
  To go                       went                           gone                          Ir
  To grow                   grew                           grown                        Crescer; tornar-se; ficar
  To hang                  hung/hanged              hung/hanged            Pendurar; enforcar
  To have                   had                            had                            Ter
  To hear                    heard                         heard                         Ouvir
  To hide                    hid                              hidden                       Esconder
  To hit                       hit                               hit                               Bater; acertar
  To hold                    held                           held                            Segurar; conter; realizar 
                                                                                                         (festa, reunião, etc.)
  To hurt                     hurt                            hurt                              Ferir; doer,   
  To keep                   kept                            kept                            Guardar; manter;
                                                                                                          continuar
  To know                  knew                          known                         Saber; conhecer
  To lay                       laid                             laid                             Pôr; assentar
  To lead                    led                              led                              Conduzir; liderar
  To lean                    leant/leaned             leant/leaned             Encostar(-se);
                                                                                                          inclinar(-se)
  To learn                   learnt/learned          learnt/learned          Aprender
  To leave                  left                              left                              Deixar; partir; sair
  To lend                    lent                             lent                             Emprestar
  To let                        let                               let                               Deixar; permitir
  To lie                        lay                              lain                             Deitar-se; situar-se
  To light                    lit/lighted                   lit/lighted                   Acender; iluminar
  To lose                    lost                             lost                             Perder
  To make                  made                         made                         Fazer
  To mean                 meant                         meant                        Significar; pretender;
                                                                                                          Querer, dizer
  To meet                   met                             met                             Encontrar; conhecer
  To overcome          overcame                  overcome                  Superar
  To pay                     paid                            paid                            Pegar
  To put                      put                              put                              Pôr; colocar
  To read                    read                           read                           Ler
  To ride                     rode                           ridden                        Montar; cavalgar
  To ring                     rang                           rung                           Tocar; soar (campainha,
                                                                                                          telefone,  etc.)
  To rise                     rose                            risen                          Subir; levantar-se
  To run                      ran                             run                             Correr; dirigir (negócio)
  To say                      said                            said                            Saber
  To see                     saw                            seen                          Ver
  To seek                   sought                       sought                       Buscar; procurar
  To sell                      sold                            sold                            Vender
  To send                   sent                            sent                            Mandar; enviar
  To set                       set                              set                              Pôr
  To shake                 shook                        shaken                      Sacudir
  To shine                  shone                       shone                         Brilhar
  To shoot                  shot                            shot                            Atirar; disparar
  To show                  showed                     shown/showed        Mostrar 
  To shut                     shut                              shut                           Fechar
  To sing                    sang                          sung                          Cantar
  To sink                    sank                           sunk/sunken              Afundar
  To sit                         sat                              sat                             Sentar-se
  To sleep                  slept                           slept                           Dormir
  To slide                   slid                             slid                             Deslizar; fazer deslizar
  To smell                  smelt/smelled          smelt/smelled          Cheirar; sentir cheiro de
  To speak                 spoke                         spoken                      Falar
  To spell                   spelt/spelled             spelt/spelled             Grafar; soletrar
  To spend                 spent                         spent                         Gastar; passar (tempo)
  To spread                spread                       spread                       Espalhar(-se)
  To stand                  stood                          stood                          Ficar em pé; aguentar
  To steal                   stole                           stolen                        Roubar
  To stick                    stuck                          stuck                          Grudar; fincar
  To swear                 swore                         sworn                        Jurar
  To sweep                swept                         swept                         Varrer
  To swim                  swam                         swum                        Nadar
  To take                    took                            taken                         Pegar; tomar; levar
  To teach                  taught                        taught                         Ensinar
  To tear                     tore                             torn                            Rasgar
  To tell                       told                             told                             Contar; dizer
  To think                   thought                     thought                       Pensar
  To throw                  threw                         thrown                       Lançar; jogar
  To understand       understood               understood               Entender; compreender
  To wake(up)           woke/waked(up)      woken/waked(up)  Acordar
  To wear                   wore                           worn                          Usar; vestir
  To weep                  wept                           wept                           Chorar; lacrimejar
  To win                     won                            won                            Vencer
  To write                   wrote                          written                                   Escrever

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