17.3 The simple past tense (passado simples)
O simple past é normalmente usado para descrever ações que começaram e terminaram no passado.
Forma-se o passado dos verbos regulares, acrescentando-se d, ed, ou ied.
Exemplo:
The dog DIED.
Os verbos irregulares não possuem regra prórpia para formação do passado.
Verb Past
GO WENT
LEAVE LEFT
THINK THOUGHT
Advérbios de tempo que normalmente o acompanham o passado simples:
Yesterday – ontém
last (night, week, year, etc.) –(noite, semana, ano, etc) passada / passado
one hour ago – (uma hora atrás)
two days ago – (dois dias atrás)
a week ago – (uma semana atrás, semana passada)
INTERROGATIVA E NEGATIVA
Para frases interrogativas e negativas, utiliza-se o auxiliar DID. Neste caso, o verbo permanece no presente.
Exemplos:
- You worked yesterday.
- Did you work yesterday?
- You did not work yesterday. (didn´t)
Irregular verbs table (tabela de alguns dos verbos irregulares)
Infinitive Simple past Past participle Translation
To be was/were been ser, estar; existir
To beat beat beaten bater; derrotar
To become became become Tornar-se
To begin began begun Começar
To behold beheld beheld Observar; contemplar
To bet bet/betted bet/betted Apostar
To bind bound bound Ligar; juntar
To bite bit bitten Morder
To bleed bled bled Sangrar
To blow blew blown Soprar
To break broke broken Quebrar
To bring brought brought Trazer
To build built built Construir
To burn burnt/burned burnt/burned Queimar
To buy bought bought Comprar
To catch caught caught Pegar; agarrar
To choose chose chosen Escolher
To come came come Vir
To cost cost cost Custar
To cut cut cut Cortar
To dare durst/dared durst/dared Ousar, Ter coragem de
To dig dug dug Cavar
To do did done Fazer
To draw drew drawn Desenhar; puxar; retirar
To dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed Sonhar
To drink drank drunk Beber
To drive drove driven Dirigir; guiar
To eat ate eaten Comer
To fall fell fallen Cair
To feed fed fed Alimentar
To feel felt felt Sentir(-se)
To fight fought fought Lutar; combater
To find found found Encontrar; achar
To fly flew flown Voar
To forbid forbade forbidden Proibir
To forget forgot forgotten Esquecer(-se de)
To forgive forgave forgiven Perdoar
To freeze froze frozen Congelar
To get got got/gotten Obter; tornar-se; ficar
To give gave given Dar
To go went gone Ir
To grow grew grown Crescer; tornar-se; ficar
To hang hung/hanged hung/hanged Pendurar; enforcar
To have had had Ter
To hear heard heard Ouvir
To hide hid hidden Esconder
To hit hit hit Bater; acertar
To hold held held Segurar; conter; realizar
(festa, reunião, etc.)
To hurt hurt hurt Ferir; doer,
To keep kept kept Guardar; manter;
continuar
To know knew known Saber; conhecer
To lay laid laid Pôr; assentar
To lead led led Conduzir; liderar
To lean leant/leaned leant/leaned Encostar(-se);
inclinar(-se)
To learn learnt/learned learnt/learned Aprender
To leave left left Deixar; partir; sair
To lend lent lent Emprestar
To let let let Deixar; permitir
To lie lay lain Deitar-se; situar-se
To light lit/lighted lit/lighted Acender; iluminar
To lose lost lost Perder
To make made made Fazer
To mean meant meant Significar; pretender;
Querer, dizer
To meet met met Encontrar; conhecer
To overcome overcame overcome Superar
To pay paid paid Pegar
To put put put Pôr; colocar
To read read read Ler
To ride rode ridden Montar; cavalgar
To ring rang rung Tocar; soar (campainha,
telefone, etc.)
To rise rose risen Subir; levantar-se
To run ran run Correr; dirigir (negócio)
To say said said Saber
To see saw seen Ver
To seek sought sought Buscar; procurar
To sell sold sold Vender
To send sent sent Mandar; enviar
To set set set Pôr
To shake shook shaken Sacudir
To shine shone shone Brilhar
To shoot shot shot Atirar; disparar
To show showed shown/showed Mostrar
To shut shut shut Fechar
To sing sang sung Cantar
To sink sank sunk/sunken Afundar
To sit sat sat Sentar-se
To sleep slept slept Dormir
To slide slid slid Deslizar; fazer deslizar
To smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled Cheirar; sentir cheiro de
To speak spoke spoken Falar
To spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled Grafar; soletrar
To spend spent spent Gastar; passar (tempo)
To spread spread spread Espalhar(-se)
To stand stood stood Ficar em pé; aguentar
To steal stole stolen Roubar
To stick stuck stuck Grudar; fincar
To swear swore sworn Jurar
To sweep swept swept Varrer
To swim swam swum Nadar
To take took taken Pegar; tomar; levar
To teach taught taught Ensinar
To tear tore torn Rasgar
To tell told told Contar; dizer
To think thought thought Pensar
To throw threw thrown Lançar; jogar
To understand understood understood Entender; compreender
To wake(up) woke/waked(up) woken/waked(up) Acordar
To wear wore worn Usar; vestir
To weep wept wept Chorar; lacrimejar
To win won won Vencer
To write wrote written Escrever
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